How is electricity obtained from the sun and what is the photovoltaic effect?

The sun is made of photons, which produce solar energy, so when silicon semiconductors are exposed to the sun’s rays, they capture and release electricity, and this process is called the photovoltaic effect.

When these photons hit the photovoltaic solar cell panels, they either pass through them or are absorbed by them. It is the absorbed photons that produce electricity, by transferring an electron to an atom in a semiconductor or photovoltaic cell.

What is a photovoltaic system, what is it made of and how long does it last?

A photovoltaic system is made up of various components that are different, including batteries; a charge controller or regulator for a stand-alone system; a charge regulator for the system; and an inverter for a grid-connected system.

A basic PV system will work for 20 years or more, when properly built, properly installed, and well maintained, and when operating efficiently, the PV system will generate more than $10,000 in electricity over a 30-year period.
Problems that come up over the years with systems before that are due to sloppy installation, improper connectivity, or insufficient wiring.

Also, if the system uses backup batteries, they will not function properly if they are not charged after regular use or are batteries that are not appropriate for the specifications and applications for which they are used.

Solar panels are widely installed these days for heating and lighting needs, in many homes and offices, hotels, supermarkets, manufacturing companies, and warehouses due to the savings they will bring to the monthly electric bill.

The sunlight that reaches the Solar Cell Panels also varies on any given day, in terms of the radiation it emits from sunrise to sunset; depending on the clouds and the weather, as well as the position of the sun and the thickness of the atmosphere. The maximum or midpoint irradiance or the amount of solar energy during the day occurs during solar noon, when there is the most intense sunlight.

The peak hours of the sun are called Insolation, and this is measured in kilowatt hours. Insolation is highly seasonal, especially due to the relationship between the earth and the sun, which is constantly changing from the winter solstice to the summer solstice.

Solar panels which are made up of modules and properly installed on rooftops, will convert sunlight into DC power, and with the help of an inverter, convert the power from the solar panel module, from DC to AC. In turn, the electricity reaches the home or office, when the AC power, which has been converted, reaches the breaker box.

Today there are also many consultants who are experienced in the field of solar cell module installation and who will recommend and design the custom solar panel and solar power modules needed for the type of building being considered for this source of energy. natural energy. Some permits will be required to install solar panels, although these are easily obtained and available in most cases.